Microenvironments: These are specific activities within the mesoenvironments that deserve special attention. It is a sensitive issue which concerns about serious environmental problems in today’s world. The boundaries of the city correspond to the boundaries of the system under investigation. Instead, the suitability of a waste management strategy depends on aspects that are specific to its context. Geographic location indicates that practices implemented in similar environments are more likely to succeed in the city of interest. Otherwise, you must return to the design step and adjust them. Stemming from these four characteristics, the city was divided into five mesoenvironments (Figure 6). Unfortunately, obtaining data on waste production and management is difficult, particularly when it concerns commercial or industrial activities (a limit encountered also by Battistoni et al.,[25]). Some circumstances could create difficulties/barriers in separating organic waste. A threshold of 6000 inhabitants per km2 was set to distinguish the two areas. To what extent would the following propositions motivate you to separate organic waste? This resulted in a residential area with a high population density and a residential area with a medium to low population density. WSP has chosen to include two Case Studies that include more than one technology in order to provide the reader with a fuller understanding of current technical developments whilst still including interesting operating plants with innovative design elements: Amsterdam has a clear mission: to be 100% circular by 2050. Incineration: By observing the MFA, it is clear that most of the organic waste produced in the city is incinerated. Finally, organic waste is a typically “wet” waste, and therefore far from ideal as incineration feed. In theory, this holistic approach should connect all the stakeholders, increasing the system’s resilience and adaptation. “They saw that an interdisciplinary approach makes it really possible to inspire change and realise a waste-free society,” according to Dr Slootweg. For the part implemented in the paper, the case study presents two limitations. [18, 23] This, besides reducing the effectiveness of the whole system, drives the focus on single technologies supported by linear policies that provide for compartmentalized and temporary solutions, often turning themselves into future problems. Mesoenvironment package: set of business models defining measures proposed for each of the mesoenvironments identified in the mapping process and tailored to their particular characteristics. University campuses, because they are small “villages” hosting daily thousands of students and employees and producing large quantities of organic waste in one site. E Waste Management Case Study 1358 Words | 6 Pages. The complexity is restored by reintegrating the elements together and is enriched by the process, due to the appearance of “emerging characteristics” resulting from the interaction between the system’s components and the environments. Moreover, we see that incineration requires the addition of chemicals in the process and produces emissions, flue gasses, and ashes, which must be disposed of afterwards. Here we propose an innovative research methodology which, by introducing both these features in waste management strategy‐making, facilitates the transition toward a circular approach. The value proposition consists of the products and services offered “and the value embedded in them.”[51] Within the value proposition, we replace Bocken et al.’s,[49] “profit” component, which indicates a more narrow view of value in terms of “financial return,” with “economic,” to reflect a systemic perspective and embrace the entire positive impact created by the business model in the economy. [15, 25, 40] Inputs are represented by the different sources of the waste (e.g., households, commercial activities, or industries). All practices identified according to the abovementioned criteria are then evaluated through an interdisciplinary perspectives framework (Table 2). A recent interdisciplinary research paper shows the way forward in designing effective circular waste management strategies: combining innovations in chemistry, business planning and behavioural science. In addition, our society’s ability to dispose of the waste produced at such a high rate is coming to an end. Sorting waste results in cost reductions: residual waste is in fact the most expensive kind of rubbish. This is because country like Germany is recognized one of the greatest examples in the world to deal with such issue. A recent interdisciplinary research paper shows the way forward in designing effective circular waste management strategies: combining innovations in chemistry, business planning and behavioural science. [11] It also needs innovative research approaches that enable the tackling of old issues from new viewpoints.[12]. To produce truly integrative outcomes, this paper provides insight into the system as a whole, its components and the relationships between them, using specific tools, to form the basis for a circular strategy. This is done in three steps: circular business model design, evaluation, and integration. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. [56] This is especially true for organic waste, which currently is not separated, but just incinerated with residual waste. Such a cooperation between all the actors in the waste management sector is crucial for a successful implementation. The linear economy . The five mesoenvironments in Amsterdam (detailed maps of population density, building heights, land use and waste infrastructure are included in the Supporting Information). The results are summarized in Table 5. Waste management is … Drop us a line and we help you to find a perfect match. Therefore, we report here only the implementation of the part of the methodology that are within our interdisciplinary competences. Table 4 shows the practices resulting from the mapping process as potential solutions to organic waste management in Amsterdam. The biggest outcomes of the process are emissions (of CO2 and flue gases) and ashes (solid and fly), all produced by the incineration process and all to be considered waste products. Read 16 case studies, success stories, & customer stories of individual Waste Management customers - their use cases, successful stories, approaches, and end results software. Or looking for a certain expertise? Conversely, our methodology treats waste management as a system and its components are outlined, mapped and all included in the picture (Figure 7). The analysis of this mesozone suggests that organic waste is produced mainly by food services, the hospitality sector, and households. The color of the boxes indicates their belonging to a particular stage, the color, and the direction of the arrows shows the relationships between elements, and the color of the contours in the multipillar mapping indicates which system component is tackling the specific workflow. The tool used in this pillar is the geographic information system (GIS), fed with data possibly coming from municipal databases or other official databases. An illustrative implementation of the remaining part of the methodology is included in the Supporting Information. Each component is processed with specific tools and with the aim of mapping leverage points, challenges, and opportunities that can work as connection points (nodes) between them for their successive reintegration. While Osterwalder and Pigneur,[50] in their business model canvas, conceptualize the relationship with other actors for value creation as “partnerships,” we prefer to adopt Bocken et al.’s,[49] “key stakeholders” construct, to capture the multiple types of actors, relationships, and influences, which are crucial for the circular business model to create value. Building on this concept but adapting it to the purpose of this methodology, we can reformulate three main components of this supersystem. An interpretation of the synthesis stage for the case study is included in the Supporting Information. In a linear approach to waste management, the system itself and its components are not recognized. This is most likely composed of agricultural residues, animal waste and by‐products of meat and cheese production. All the data collected and used in this analysis with the relative sources and references, as well as a more detailed interpretation of the analysis, are available in the Supporting Information. Beside the illustration of our methodology, the case study of organic waste in Amsterdam produced valuable data and results. Thus, we focus in each case on one waste stream and within a specific city of interest. Domestic waste in Amsterdam 3 December 2014 . 2015a, European Commission, Directive 2008/98/EC of The European Parliament And of The Council on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives], Official Journal of the European Union, L312, 2008, P Simoës, Energy from Waste ‐ Amsterdam, 2013, Metabolic, Afvalvrij DGTL, Op Weg Naar Het Eerste Circulaire Festival in Het Wereld, 2019, https://eur‐lex.europa.eu/legal‐content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52015DC0614, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen‐MacArthur‐Foundation‐Towards‐the‐Circular‐Economy‐vol.1.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/waste‐to‐energy.pdf, https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/70748NED/table?fromstatweb, https://www.amsterdam.nl/bestuur‐organisatie/volg‐beleid/duurzaamheid‐energie/agenda‐duurzaamheid/, http://mv.sites.ma‐cloud.nl/files/2016/01/afvalketen_in_beeld_grondstoffen_uit_amsterdam.pdf, http://eur‐lex.europa.eu/legal‐content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098, https://www.circle‐economy.com/insights/developing‐a‐roadmap‐for‐the‐first‐circular‐city‐amsterdam, https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/CN‐NL%20Bioenergy%20WS%208%20May%202013%20(Waste%20incineration%20Amsterdam%20Peter%20Simoes%20AEB).pdf, https://www.metabolic.nl/publications/afvalvrij‐dgtl/, Protix, Eggbrane, PeelPioneer, ChainCraft, Renewi. The sample is representative of the different housing solutions considering that one‐person and two‐person apartments are common in Amsterdam. [25] HD is used in the first stage of system design as a method of problem definition, before stepping over to the stage of solutions design. This objective is attained in three stages. The survey also shed light on the biggest perceived barriers to organic waste separation, which were the lack of indoor space and of transparency in waste management. [18, 25-27] According to this theory, complex systems present properties that arise from the interrelation between the system’s components and with the environment. The proposed integrative methodology encompassing outline, multipillar mapping, and synthesis can be applied to different locations and waste streams. The separate collection rate on total municipal waste generation in Amsterdam is 14% which is very low and well below average of the performance in the country. Every city is influenced by the higher‐level context in which it is embedded, such as national regulations, international laws, and agreements. [17] These are current practices, which make the system unsustainable and that, if changed, can produce a large impact. [18] In practice, however, this theory is rarely applied. Such methodology is open and flexible, allowing for dynamic development and adaptation to changing contexts. This contaminates organic waste and makes it unrecoverable. There is a high concentration of retailers and hospitality sector services, many businesses, and offices but a lack of green spaces. 89.4% of the workforce in the Capital Region of … Physical Planning Department . During the interviews carried on for the production of the MFA we found that most residents are confused about the waste stream destination of several goods and about the location of the dedicated bring‐points for recyclables. Table 4 shows the list of best practices selected for the Amsterdam case study. [26], Systemic design is an approach integrating principles and tools of systems thinking and design thinking. [18] According to Wilson,[33] waste management systems, also in high‐income countries, are still far from integrated. These include key activities (i.e., waste collection, transportation, and processing), supporting activities (i.e., incentivizing methods and monitoring), and related activities, which allow to close the loop and make the business model as circular as possible. “At the same time, we need to change the habits of producers and consumers. Since the population in this area is close to zero, we can predict that organic waste here is produced mainly by the food production and processing industries. Each high‐impact pro or con counts as +2 or ‐2, respectively. Receiving information on the value of organic waste, Receiving clear instruction on how you should separate organic waste, Having organic waste container close to my house, An efficient organic waste collection system (e.g., high frequency collection), Transparency of the company involved in the management of organic waste. Organic, hazardous and electronic waste strategies were, also, discussed pursuing a more sustainable … Buy custom written papers online from our academic company and we won't disappoint you with our high quality of university, college, and high school papers. In addition, proper organic waste treatment would allow for the production of renewable energy and the creation of valuable materials[57] out of a waste stream that is currently used at its lowest value. Radar plots for the different practices wherein each of the five axes shows the score of one perspective. Schools, because they have a high potential in the education process and in the amplification of the impact. Here, the connection nodes between system components that have been uncovered are used as interlocking points to reintegrate them together. [8] Moreover, this methodology alone does not guarantee a circular strategy. This business model canvas includes four main elements, i.e., value proposition, value creation, value delivery, and value capture, each one comprising a set of components. This worldwide problem is also predominating in Jaipur city also. This is done following an integrated approach, which considers all activities of waste management. [64] Obviously, waste management alone is insufficient, if other measures are not taken at the top of the event chain (e.g., changing product design practices). In order to solve the solid waste management problems in the World, this study is By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-4474, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, Biocapacity and Better Choices, Living Planet Report 2016: Risk and Resilience in a New Era, What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, The Role of Waste‐to‐Energy in the Circular Economy, The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision, Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, Municipal Solid Waste and Environmental Pollution. “The creation of a waste-free society requires new technologies to allow the use of waste as a resource and new circular business models,” says Dr Slootweg. The specific tool used for this pillar is the material flow analysis (MFA) backed by desk and field research. [23] However, for the purpose of this research, it is viewed as the set of practices for the management of the waste stream of interest. Abstract Solid Waste Management is a major concern worldwide. These nodes then are used to identify the best pattern of integration between the pillars, i.e., the combination of pillars which enables the optimization of the strengths and the minimization of the weaknesses of the system. Each mesoenvironment is then individually mapped, identifying the major opportunities and limitations connected to that specific area. Case Studies 3-4: Two Low-Level Waste Case Studies from Canada. Waste management is an extremely complex issue, which must be considered in all its activities. Population density is strictly related to the quantity of residential waste. The survey has been open to respondents from July 30th to November 6th 2018. The MFA in Figure 4 summarises the flows of organic waste in the city (t/year), their sources, how they are treated and what these treatments produce in the process. While some of the points to be evaluated are easily observable, others, such as the environmental or economic benefit produced by the business models, should be calculated. Every system is composed of smaller‐scale elements, which we call “components,” that in turn are themselves systems composed of smaller units. Once the business models have been evaluated to satisfaction, we can integrate them for the different subenvironments into a city‐wide strategy for the whole city. This is an important process that avoids misleading evaluations based on a single viewpoint. Similarly, the “urban ecosystem” presents an intricate structure. The main opportunities identified for this mesoenvironment are a large source of preconsumer organic waste, potential naval accessibility, most important destination for organic waste recycling products (compost, organic fertilizer), space available for new waste infrastructure, and the few houses in the area have almost all large outdoor space suitable for decentralized solutions. Waste Management was under pressure from other companies within the industry that could offer the same services at lower prices to customers. [25, 29] According to Battistoni et al.,[25] this approach has two phases, referring to two different levels of diagnosis. Area: 219 km2 (1/4 water) Population: 2.0 million (Metropolitan Area Amsterdam) Density: 4939 inhabitants/km2 GDP: 38600 per capita in € Amount of MSW (2011): 596 kg/capita Academia: VU University– Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Business: Amsterdam Economic Board Public authority: City of Amsterdam, Afval Energie Bedrijf The Amsterdam Area has all of the key assets to be … These figures do not reflect the behavior of the entire population of Amsterdam, thus indicating that the sample is more environmentally conscious than the total population. Looking for partners to collaborate. We mapped the territory of Amsterdam with respect to four features: population density, building heights, land use, and waste infrastructure (detailed maps are included in the Supporting Information). Through this process, all nutrients and precious organic waste’s components are lost and exit the biological cycle. Study Waste Management Case Study: Singapore flashcards from Sam Grimshaw's Chipping Campden School Academy class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or … The sample shows a clear engagement towards organic waste which is probably not representative of the entire population. Indeed, kids are likely to bring home the lessons they learn at school and trigger their parents to change their behavior toward organic waste. This case study is done to look out for obstacles and prospects of Solid Waste in Jaipur. Finally, we reintegrate the results from the mapping process through the connection nodes, obtaining a systemic overview of relationships and processes, which serves as a frame for a circular strategy. Case Study: Sustainable, decentralised, waste management system Dr Aparna Pandey, Head - Research wing, Monisha Narke , Founder and CEO and Pradnya Bandvdekar, Project Operations Executive, RUR GreenLife detail how the Bombay College of Pharmacy implemented an effective waste management system to reduce waste being transported to the landfills from their campus with technological … Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Jos de Bruijn, city of Amsterdam . Multilevel system analysis through MFA at the different levels (national, community, organizational, domestic). “It also made us realise that Amsterdam can really become a leading role model on how to design and realise a circular city.”, The next steps are obvious to Dr Slootweg: “Using this study as an example, it’s time to design a larger, integrative research cluster that focuses on developing new circular technologies, business models and governmental policies.”. We then evaluated and graded these practices following the interdisciplinary framework. The business models address the leverage points uncovered in the current situation, include a combination of the best practices identified, take into account the territorial characteristic mapped for each subenvironment and the result of the social investigation. Building height is a relevant spatial characteristic since taller residential buildings produce a larger amount of waste per area unit. Overall, the majority of respondents recognize organic waste as a valuable waste stream and state that they would start separating it if given the opportunity (94% and 76%, respectively). Only a small share of the organic waste produced in the city is recycled to produce fertilizer. Systems thinking is a holistic analysis approach aimed at describing and understanding the intricate network of relations between a components and their patterns of behavior. Finally, outputs are materials or emissions resulting from the processing and transformation of the waste stream in the stocks. For each perspective, the pros and cons of the practice under investigation are appraised. The overall “waste management” supersystem is very complex and presents a myriad of components. [45] Land use indicates the type of waste produced in the different areas. Sustainability assessment, evaluating the benefits and impacts of the system designed in the environmental and social dimensions. [1] Indeed, studies show that we are currently using resources equivalent to 1.5 Earths to support this economy while destroying the natural environment. The major opportunities identified in this area are well‐developed main‐road networks and waste collection infrastructures, many green areas, or urban farming locations as potential destinations of organic waste recycling products, modern buildings with large indoor and outdoor space, almost no tourists (besides business‐related ones), and mainly long‐term residents. Receiving clear information about how to separate organic waste is more motivating. 1 Capital general data All flows are in t/year. Lack of Transparency: This was deduced from the extreme difficulty encountered during the data collection for the production of this MFA. These are territory, urban community, and governance (Figure 2). According to these characteristics, we subdivide the macroenvironment in different functional mesoenvironments. Amsterdam’s urban texture is very dense and interlinked, but this is not reflected at all in the waste management approach. We outlined the system boundaries for our methodology around one city and one waste stream. Such circular business models (CBM) are “open,” inclusive and integrative. In this stage, the components are tackled individually, reducing further the scale of complexity but retaining a systemic approach. This paper is to present a case study on municipal solid waste management in the city of Karlsruhe in Germany and its practice as lessons learnt. The authors declare no conflict of interest. To help achieve this goal, a new interdisciplinary research paper ‘Designing Circular Waste Management Strategies: The Case of Organic Waste in Amsterdam’ presents a toolbox to help any city to take a systematic approach to managing their waste streams. Amsterdam Waste Management Case Study I like the discount system and your anti-plagiarism policy. 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