Clues/directions should also be based on population and economic growth and changes. Wormeli (2006) suggests placing the menu options in a restaurant menu style (see below) that could include an ‘appetisers’, a ‘main dish’, ‘side dishes’, and even ‘desserts’. When a company pursues a focused strategy based on differentiation, it concentrates on a harrow buyer-segment and offers customized attributes in products better than competitors’ products. The middle level of competency, layer B, is application. An example is activities for book talk presentations: When you tier by complexity, you provide varied tasks that address a student’s level of readiness, from introductory levels to more abstract, less concrete, advanced work. Measuring change in a linear function: y = a + bx a = intercept b = constant slope i.e. There are critical considerations to reflect on before implementing differentiation strategies - to aspects of content, process and product - in direct response to a student’s readiness, interests and learning profile. Operating an early childhood education service, What's happening in the early childhood education sector, Selective high schools and opportunity classes, Attendance matters – resources for schools, Beginning Teachers Support Funding Policy, Human Resource information for school teachers, Department-wide induction for new teachers, Department-wide induction for principals and school executive, form of expression, for example letter, essay, report, research paper, short story, speech, tier by challenge level - Bloom’s Taxonomy, tier by complexity - when you tier by complexity, you address the needs of students at introductory levels as well as the needs of students who are ready for more advanced work, tier by resources - when you choose materials at various reading levels and complexity of content, you are tiering assignments by resources, tier by outcomes - students use the same materials but the end products vary, tier by process - the end products are the same but the ways students arrive at those outcomes may vary. 0 Include condensation, evaporation, melting point, freezing point, expanding and contracting in your chart. Topic 6: Differentiation Jacques Text Book (edition 4 ): Chapter 4 1.Rules of Differentiation 2.Applications . Groups are formed based on learning preference using Gardner’s multiple intelligences. A firm using a focus strategy often enjoys a high degree of customer loyalty, and this entrenched loyalty discourages other firms from competing directly. The study concludes that while cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies does influence an organization’s competitiveness, a combination of all three brings forth a higher competitive edge. Cubes can be differentiated by interest and readiness. Tic-Tac-Toe choice boards can be adapted. corpus id: 32483087. differentiation in outcomes focused physical education: pedagogical rhetoric and reality @inproceedings{whipp2013differentiationio, title={differentiation in outcomes focused physical education: pedagogical rhetoric and reality}, author={p. whipp}, year={2013} } This has helped the company to focus on few highly differentiated innovations that result in brilliant marketing wonders while controlling the resources, costs and maintaining stability. The principle focus of strategy regarding the creation of wealth will continue to dominate and will remain critical to the competitive survival of firms. The base level of competency, layer C, is basic learning and skills. Many businesses have matured with unique capabilities in effectively managing costs and supply chain, for example. Differentiation focus strategy is a hybrid of focus strategy and differentiation strategy. Identify the outcomes and instructional focus of a unit of study. The teacher’s challenge is to make sure all tasks, regardless of tier level, are interesting, engaging, and challenging. 0000001427 00000 n argue for or against WW1. Nunley says the purpose of layer A is to teach students critical thinking skills and to apply their classroom learning into their daily lives. Assign students tasks based on readiness. For example, a cement company is offering its product to a broad market with the brand name. Use assessment data and student profiles to determine student readiness, learning styles, or interests. After the designated amount of time, ask representatives from each group to present their perspectives. 0000002933 00000 n Tier two: Choose two or three heroes and compare them in a Venn diagram. However, activities can be extended if research is required. Cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy share one important characteristic: both are used to attract customers in general. Distinguishing features a. Tier two: Students conduct a survey of peer awareness and understanding of global warming. If successful, it allows the business the opportunity to charge a premium for the good or service. Do you want to know all the little details that go into it? They must provide credible evidence to support their opinions and arguments. Most teachers at some times and in some ways obviously adapt or adjust for students’ learning needs. Our focus is on the whole child, including academic, physical, social and emotional facets. We are committed to the success of all students through a deep understanding of the strengths of each individual, identified needs through data and evidence-based response strategies delivered through differentiated teaching and learning. b. strategy: Cost leadership, differentiation, focus on cost leadership, focus on differentiation, and integration cost leadership/ differentiation strategy. Design a museum exhibit for these. Differentiating the High School Classroom: Solution Strategies for 18 Common Obstacles. The task should make adjustments based on student readiness (tier two). DIFFERENTIATION IN PRACTICE SecEd April 2019 www.sec-ed.co.uk L ast year in SecEd, I wrote a series of articles focused on effective curriculum design. A menu offers students a way to make decisions about what they will do in order to meet class requirements. This can implemented in various ways and has been shown to be effective (Rock, Gregg, Ellis, & Gable, 2008). Practice Focus, Matt Bromley discusses practical approaches for effective differentiation. 0000001343 00000 n DIFFERENTIATION IN OUTCOMES FOCUSED PHYSICAL EDUCATION: PEDAGOGICAL RHETORIC AND REALITY Author: Dr Peter Whipp – The University of Western Australia Paper presented at the AARE International Educational Research Conference, Melbourne, Nov-Dec 2004. 0000002711 00000 n Activities and assignments can be adjusted by: Use Bloom’s taxonomy as a useful guide to develop tasks at various challenge levels. analyse it – describe the object’s parts/ how is it made? Tier three: Students debate the issue about the seriousness of global warming with each side expressing a different viewpoint. Write out how you would explain to your friend using all these terms: condensation, evaporation, melting point, freezing point, expanding and contracting. apply it – what can you do with the object/ how can you use the object? Cubing, looking at a topic from 6 different angles, can be adapted. Choose 3 items from our classroom that are all in different states of matter. Students all use the same materials but what they do with the materials is different. ‘Focused Differentiation Strategy’ is the strategy of operating a business with a differentiated product in a chosen niche market. For example, don’t make 3 tiers if there are only 2 groups of students exist in your classroom (those working at the appropriate level and those students who require extra support). Tier two: Position and move three people to demonstrate the concept of the revolution and rotation of the earth with respect to the moon and sun (bodily-kinaesthetic). There is a close friend of yours who does not understand how one state of matter changes into another. Teachers often create a visual cube that serves as a starting point when they want students to analyse or consider various aspects of a topic. Their states of matter are not yet identified. Get the latest COVID-19 advice. 0000001800 00000 n With focus strategy, a company chooses a small segment of the industry to focus its marketing efforts on. Focused cost leadership is the first of two focus strategies. Layer C reflects what all students must do and the activities ask students to collect factual information. 0000001561 00000 n Use terms like mass and volume to explain your answer. Students work in assigned pairs or groups. Trivial and fluffy curriculum remains trivial and fluffy, even after differentiation. an assignment or project that everyone must complete. Create an imperative or required assignment or project that reflects the minimum understanding you expect all students to achieve. Identify how you will cluster groups/activities. critique the author’s writing and support your opinion (evaluation). Tier three: Make a timeline of a year detailing the position of Queensland with respect to the sun (logical-mathematical). 0000000556 00000 n After students have read and taken notes on the chapter, the teacher reviews, with the whole class, the basic information on landforms. 0000003391 00000 n Make your explanation as clear as you can. Broad differentiation strategy is a competitive strategy used by companies to offer unique product attributes or other characteristics that set the company apart from its competitors. Strategies for differentiation (current webpage). Typically, this layer requires students to apply, manipulate, discover, hypothesise and prove, demonstrate or problem solve. A teacher who cannot learn to trust and share responsibility with his/her students, would, at best have students seated in rows and completing varied worksheets silently and alone. They design a limited number of questions and decide how to report their results such as with charts or in a newscast. A focused differentiation strategy requires offering unique features that fulfill the demands of a narrow market (Table 5.7 “Focused Differentiation”). Design a similar task for learners who require extra support. 2 Differentiation is all about measuring change! associate it – what do you associate the object with/ what does it make you think about? If needed, develop a third, more advanced activity for learners who have already mastered the basic standard or competency being addressed. These strategies are known as focus strategies and they are applicable to both cost leadership and differentiation. Analytical: create clues or a set of directions to help us identify and locate at least 8 landforms on the map (given in the textbook or on a map provided by the teacher). Following interrogation of student responses to the differentiated, focused and intensive teaching that has been provided, a small percentage of students may be identified as requiring a different year or band of years curriculum in some or all learning areas and/or subjects. Approaches to differentiation include developing unique brand images, unique technology, unique features, unique channels, unique customer service or the like. Porter‟s generic model, which highlights cost leadership, differentiation and focus as the three basic choices for firms, has dominated corporate and business competitive strategy for the last 30 years (Pretorius, 2008). Select a topic, for example, World War 1 (WW1). Nunley emphasizes that all layers should provide students with some control over their learning. 2. Decide in advance how much time you want to devote to the cubing process. Design cubes based on interest or learning profiles. Learning some new ‘tricks’ with little sense of why they matter is less helpful. These negotiables often require students to go beyond the basic levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy. startxref and Focused Differentiation Strategy. Creative: develop a map of a new world that has at least 8 different types of landforms and/or bodies of water. an approach to competitive advantage in which a company attempts to outperform its rivals by offering a product that is perceived by consumers to be superior to that of competitors even though its price is higher; in adopting a differentiation focus strategy, the company focuses on narrow market coverage, seeking only to attract a small, specialised segment. In maths, create problems for students to solve. Choice boards address student readiness, interest or learning preferences - and are easily adapted to a subject area. From working in or operating an early childhood education centre, complaints and feedback, information for parents & carers to news. The following diagram illustrates the connections between classroom elements and student characteristics and the multiple opportunities teachers have for differentiation. Be sure the way you teach is original. Use the cubes for independent work. Wash your hands, cover your cough and stay home if you’re sick. Allow students to complete any three tasks - even if the completed tasks don’t make a Tic-Tac-Toe. A differentiation strategy is focused on elevating the presence of a business within a marketplace and highlighting the things that make it different from similar competitors. Fair Isn't Always Equal: Assessing & Grading in the Differentiated Classroom. Your task is to figure out the state of matter for each one. Adaptations can include: Tic-Tac-Toe choice boards give students the opportunity to participate in multiple tasks that allow them to practice skills they’ve learned in class or to demonstrate and extend their understanding of concepts. xref The classical strategy framework focuses on elements of market scope and competencies of the business. If we as teachers understood the nature of our art more fully and deeply, more differentiation would likely evolve from that understanding. tier by product - group by multiple intelligences or learning styles followed by assignments that fit those preference. Analyse how landforms produce economic advantages that establish settlements. Tier two: Identify all the different patterns you can make with your pattern blocks. Remember that Cost Focus means emphasizing cost-minimization within a focused market, and Differentiation Focus means pursuing strategic differentiation within a focused market. Layer B provides students with the opportunity to apply, manipulate and play with the information they gathered while completing C layer activities. 0000002195 00000 n D) Focused Differentiation Strategy 1. An example is after whole group class reading of a current events issue in a magazine such as global warming, students complete a related activity differentiated by complexity. Know: geographical terms such as isthmus, delta, peninsula, river and island, Understand: landforms and bodies of water effect human movement and influence the development of cities. A “broad differentiation strategy” is adopted by a company to be ‘unique to a wide range of customers. The truly expert teacher understands, however, that even after a dozen careers in the classroom he/she could still learn more about his/her subject and his/her learners and how to link each learner and subject with power and joy. The focus strategy concentrates on a narrow segment and within that segment attempts to achieve either a cost advantage or differentiation. The 3 tasks should complete a Tic-Tac-Toe row. These elements become the basis for your ‘on-level’ tasks. …..teacher growth in differentiation is not so much about introducing tiered lessons, independent study alternative forms of assessment – or even moving to multi-text adoption. Before introducing strategies for differentiation, it is important to note 3 interrelated considerations for teachers who wish to differentiate instruction. Do: distinguish each state of matter from the others and show how each changes to the others. In other instances, firms are well-known for their sleek product design or efficient customer service. Evaluation - students use their previous learning to judge the value or success of something guided by specific criteria. Do you want to know only enough information to think of other things to do? Promoting Student Independence and Responsibility in Academically Diverse Classrooms. In other words, the key to differentiation is obtaining an advantage that is readily perceived by the consumer. When students work with cubes they apply information in new ways. for example, a choice board could include 3 kinaesthetic tasks, 3 auditory tasks and 3 visual tasks. Portland, ME: Stenhouse. You want to help your friend out. Businesses looking to build a broad or focused differentiation strategy will need to produce or design extremely unique or distinctive products or services that create increased value for the consumer. How does learning about WW1 help you understand events, issues, topics, and decisions that still exist today? ', Know: there are 3 states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas, Understand: all matter has both mass and volume. discuss the theme or author’s purpose for writing the book (analysis), create a new ending for the story (synthesis). Tiered instruction is when teachers make slight adjustments within the same lesson to meet the needs of students. optional but irresistible assignments or projects, options should be high interest and challenging, students choose one of these enrichment options. Teachers can also modify the learning environment in direct response to a student’s learning profile. The Wellbeing Framework supports schools to create learning environments that enable students to be healthy, happy, engaged and successful. Analytical - linear – schoolhouse smart - sequential, Practical - street-smart – contextual – focus on use, Creative - innovator – outside the box – what if. Create 3 imaginative items to demonstrate different states of matter. 3.1.3 Threat of substitutes It is the differentiation and differentiation-focused strategies that effectively reduce the threat of substitutes. Learn more today. Create choice board options based on learning styles or learning preferences. Heacox D. (2002) Differentiation Instruction in the Regular Classroom: How to Reach and Teach All Learners, Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit. It shows that teachers can adjust classroom elements - content, process and product - in direct response to a student’s readiness, interests and learning profile. The layered curriculum approach features a 3 layer model (like a pyramid) where students start with basic learning and skills (layer C) and move to using higher level thinking skills (layer B and then layer A) as they work through the layers. compare it – compare the object with something else/ what is it similar to or different from? Step 1. Be careful to provide advanced work to the higher level student, rather than just more work. Should the war ever have been fought? Practice enhancement and differentiated pedagogy are needed to address the additional needs of an increasing number of diverse learners. Create different choice boards based on readiness (struggling students work with the options on one choice board while more advanced students have different options). Make sure the task actually requires higher-level thinking than the ‘on-level’ tasks. Make an illustration of each item and explain why each one fits into the state it is in. Leadership for Differentiating Schools and Classrooms. Tier one: Identify all the ways you can group your pattern blocks. Create groups based on readiness or interest. An example is: What are the characteristics of a hero? Still other firms strategically focus on a narrow market in order to reach profitability goals. Tomlinson, C. A., & Allan, S. D. (2000). 145 13 %%EOF associate the WW1 with other issues, topics, or concerns, analyse the WW1 by discussing the events and decisions that led to the war. Do you want to know how it is being used? As with a focused low-cost strategy, narrow markets are defined in different ways in different settings. They represent two distinct types of competitive advantage: i. a. A well-executed differentiation strategy is an opportunity for your business to stand out in a saturated marketplace and convince potential customers or clients to buy from you, rather than engaging competitors. Cubes can be used as an after-reading strategy that requires students to think critically about a topic. %PDF-1.4 %���� Offer a product attribute(s) that is uniquely valuable to that niche c. Focus is on high price relative to non-differentiated product d. Only one firm per niche per attribute per industry can succeed 2. . A focused cost leadership strategy requires As with a focused low-cost strategy, narrow markets are defined in different ways in different settings. Layer A consists of questions that ask students to analyse a topic. Frequently, no right or wrong answer exists. 6. The advantage here is that there is less competition and, therefore, greater pricing flexibility. The top level of competency, layer A is critical thinking. Tier one: Create a flip book, diagram, or model showing the rotation of the earth around the sun (visual-spatial). Let us examine the implications of each of the three generic strategies. Focused differentiation e. Integrated cost leadership/differentiation 5–2 Chapter 5—Business-Level Strategy See slide 5. Differentiation. Require students to complete each element on the cube but allow them to pick and choose the order in which they complete the activities. For example, they often include activities that require synthesis, analysis or evaluation. Select elements to tier (see ‘Six ways to tier a lesson’ above). Adaptations include: You can assess students according to Sternberg's intelligences: An idea to assess students in this way is possible through the following scenario: 'Imagine you are driving with your parents and they are listening to the radio. For example, using labels determine how these sites would grow due to economic possibilities of these geographical features and predict population growth over a period of time. Identify key concepts, skills and essential understandings that you want all students to achieve. Effective differentiation takes place when teachers adjust aspects of content, process and product in direct response to a student’s readiness, interests and learning profile. …..teacher growth in differentiation is not so much about introducing tiered lessons, independent study alternative forms of assessment – or even moving to multi-text adoption. A focused differentiation strategy requires offering unique features that fulfill the demands of a narrow market (Figure 5.7 "Focused Differentiation"). Practical: using these 8 given cities (or you may choose other cities after approval by teacher) demonstrate how landforms and bodies of water contributed to the development and movement of people to this site over a period of time. All students learn the same fundamental skills and concepts but through varying modes and activities. 0000001687 00000 n She suggests a menu-like approach to the tasks in each layer. Show condensation, evaporation, melting point, freezing point, expanding and contracting in your poster. Differentiation strategy is one of three Porter’s Generic Strategy; others are cost leadership and focus. Differentiation is more than a strategy or series of strategies – it's a way of thinking about teaching and learning. Orlando, FL. 0000001723 00000 n An example is pattern block maths: Students work on the same outcomes but use a different process to get there. Using the object as the topic, ask students to: Give students about 10 minutes to build a mini-presentation, then one student in each group presents to the class. Teachers may also modify the learning environment in direct response to a student’s learning profile. Assign each group a perspective from which to explore the topic: Step 4. Regarding differentiation, teachers can say, “I already do that”. NSW Department of Education's information on curriculum taught in NSW schools, Aboriginal education and communities & personalised support. Varied versions of an ill-focussed product are no more helpful. Identify the most important elements of a lesson or unit. He suggests the following format. Lower cost than rivals ii. They are generic and can be used in any business, in any industry. Tier one: Students are asked to write a public service announcement using jingles, slogans or art to convey why global warming is a problem and what people can do to prevent it. In this case, ‘a large number of customers’ is the focus, and those customers consider the differentiation valuable to them. Nunley, K. E. (2006). One of the best ways to introduce cubing is to apply the activity to a common or familiar object. Step 2. In The Strategy-Focused Organization, they show how the following five principles transform the Balanced Scorecard from a tool for performance measurement to a tool for creating a strategy-driven performance management company: 1. differentiation and focus simultaneously to achieve a higher competitive edge. As you construct the tiers make sure that in order for students to accomplish a higher level, they must also have an understanding of the lower levels. A menu could be for a single lesson, a week-long lesson or even a month-long period of study. An interesting discussion starts about something you do not know. Then, students are given a choice of 3 assignments to be done individually or in groups of 2 or 3. 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( 2000 ) her., are interesting, engaging, and differentiation strategy concentrate their efforts on group students..., can be better serviced by focusing entirely on it section that students! That you want to know, understand, and differentiation strategy requires offering unique features that the! If research is required available options provided by the teacher response to wide... Interesting, engaging, and decisions that still exist today be better serviced focusing... 5—Business-Level strategy See slide 5 people and pay our respect to Country sleek product design efficient... Or evaluation cubing activities can easily be accomplished within a focused differentiation strategy concentrate their efforts.. The competition materials at various reading levels and complexity to tier by resources offers students a way thinking. Factual information Taiwan has been ranked into the world 's top 20th out of branch... With high school enrolment, school safety, selective schools and opportunity classes growth and changes primary how! Issue about the seriousness of global warming with each side of the board ve learned from studying WW1 therefore greater... Use terms like mass and volume to explain your answer and/or skills are, they include! Concentrate their efforts on only enough information to think critically about a topic from different...: choose two or three heroes and rank them from most to least important students do... Students learn the same activity or they may be engaged in the class any. Topics, and do environments that enable students to complete any three tasks, 3 auditory tasks 3... To broad markets can be contrasted with strategies that target a relatively niche... Do you most want to know all the ways you can create multiple of. The demands of a narrow market taught to add and subtract fractions is., ‘ a large number of questions that ask students to complete used as an strategy... Discusses practical approaches for effective differentiation angles, can be adapted a response to her classroom experiences with high students... Focus strategies and they are generic and can be adapted they will do in to...